The 490‑Year
Prophecy

Calculations for Daniel 9 according to scripture

Solar year = 365.24 days, the time it takes Earth to complete a full orbit around the Sun.

*Note: Ancient astronomers mainly knew this by tracking shadows with a gnomon or using the power of accumulation over a long period.

Calculations for time

1 prophetic day = 1 solar year (Ezekiel 4:6, Numbers 14:34)

150/5 = 30 days per month

30*12 = 360 days (360 days = prophetic year)

27-17 = 10.88 days (inclusively)

The Hebrew calendar was and is observed by the lunar cycle, consisting of 12 moon cycles a year.

1 lunar cycle = 29.53 days

Ancient Israelites waited for 2 witnesses to physically see the first tiny sliver of the waxing crescent moon in the night sky.

The moon's orbit visible sliver always appears at either 29 days or 30 days after the last one.

Therefore, if you alternate 29 day and 30 day months over 12 months, it averages to 29.5 days per month, you reach 354 days a year.

The specific astronomical decimal of 29.53 was calculated by Babylonian and Greek astronomers, the Talmud Tractate Rosh Hashanah 25a also includes this math, Rabban Gamliel states: The renewal of the moon takes no less than twenty-nine and a half days, plus two-thirds of an hour, plus seventy-three of the 1,080 subsections of an hour.

There are 10 days until the earth was dry, ancient chronologists, including some authors of the Talmud, noted the flood was intended to be exactly 1 solar cycle, to get from a lunar year to a solar year, you count the 17th up to the 27th and it, yielding roughly 11 days (mathematically 10.88).

The Math: 354.36 days of a lunar year + 10.88 days for the gap to the solar year = 365.24 days in a solar year

Besides that, ancient astronomers also knew a solar year is 365.24 days by tracking shadows with a gnomon or using the power of accumulation over a long period.

Key points

*After reading and doing the research to all of this up until this point, I'm 99% convinced God as in the Father exists, now I'm on a quest to find out if the Son does too.

Conventional History

We have direct reference to the conquest of Jerusalem from the Babylonian Chronicles regarding the reign of Nebuchadnezzar II, furthermore, historians use Herodotus to point references about the first Persian invasion of Greece, his dates can be compared from there to other Greek sources over the same events, the second Persian invasion of Greece began in 480 BCE, which is supported by multiple Greek sources, using information from both Herodotus and documents from Mesopotamia we can date the lengths and years for each of the Persian kings back from Xerxes to Cyrus the Great, we know from the Babylonian Chronicles that the book of Isaiah and a variety of Greek sources (including Herodotus), that Cyrus conquered Babylon in 539 BCE, in the same conquest Cyrus ended the exile and allowed Jews to return home. The dates are all anchored by references to predictable astronomical events in the same documents/cultures, this includes the Battle of the Eclipse between the Medes and Lydians in 585 BCE, by taking all of those dates and putting them in order based on both Herodotus's narrative and the Babylonian Chronicles, we can create a timeline. We know Cyrus conquered Babylon in 539 BCE, from the Edict of Cyrus and the Cyrus Cylinder, it was him that freed the Jews from Babylon according to Isaiah 45:1, the Jews returned from Babylon at that time, we also know this to be historically true from the 70 year of exile prophesied in Jeremiah 29:10, it says "When seventy years are completed for Babylon". The First Temple's destruction was in 586 BCE, where Jews were exiled to Babylon and the completion of the Second Temple in 516 BCE, marked their official return from exile, 586-516 = 70 years, the 586 BCE date is established on top of empirical strata, by cross-referencing evidence, like the VAT 4956, a tablet depicting precise lunar and planetary observation made by Babylonian astronomers, which explicitly correlates the astronomical alignments to the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar II, placing that year precisely in 568 BCE, since we know his 37th year was 568 BCE, we can count backward to his 19th year, the year 2 Kings 25:8 records him burning the First Temple, which lands on 586 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar Chronicle's also records the first siege of Jerusalem, stating he captured the city of Adar in his 7th year, this tablet provides absolute empirical proof of the Babylonian presence, the exact chronology of Nebuchadnezzar II's reign and verifies the timeline, leading up to the First Temple's destruction in 586 BCE. The 516 BCE date is established by cross-referencing numerous Babylonian astronomical diaries, like the BM 32312 tablet, recording astronomical events from 651 BCE during the reign of Shamash-shuma-ukin, the VAT 4956 tablet, which mathematically anchors the Neo-Babylonian timeline and fixes King Darius I's accession to 522 BCE, the Ptolemy's Canon, Ezra 4:4-5, Ezra 4:24 and Ezra 6:1-5, Ezra 6:15 which reference King Darius I completing the Second Temple's construction during his 6th year of reign. The 458/457 BCE date for King Artaxerxes I's' decree to Ezra (as stated in Ezra 7:7–28) is established by matching biblical regnal data with Persian accession records, historical ancient calendars, cuneiform tablets, the Elephantine Papyri and astronomical data like the Ptolemy’s Canon, the BM32234 Tablet proves King Artaxerxes I began his rule in ~464 BCE, Ezra 7:7-28 captures that on the 7th year of his rule, King Artaxerxes I ordered clergymen to assemble together and decreed to restore and rebuild Jerusalem. Tacitus, a Roman historian in 116 CE, noted Jesus's crucifixion, Lucian of Samosata, a Roman philosopher who mocked Christians, mentioned Jesus's crucifixion and existence portraying to around 30-33 CE in his "The Passing of Peregrinus" satirical letters which he wrote in 165 CE, Mara bar Serapion, in 73 CE, shows a letter talking about a "wise Jewish king" being unjustly executed, the Talmud, which Jews adhere to and reject Jesus, also shows a record of Jesus's crucifixion on Passover, Jewish historian Flavius Josephus, who wrote a short paragraph in his 93 CE book Jewish Antiquities, describes a wise man that performed surprising deeds, won many followers and was crucified by Pontius Pilate, it mentions "the brother of Jesus, who was called the Christ", "he was the Christ and appeared to them alive on the third day", combining this with all the non-Christian historians, the archeological and historical records, like the Pilate Stone which dates to between 26-36 CE, confirms the Roman governor of Judah ruled during the time Jesus was executed, the Jehohanan heel bone serves as empirical evidence from 7-66 CE to describe exactly how the Gospels and external historical records entail Roman crucifixion was carried out precisely. Academically, the first Jewish–Roman War lasted roughly 7 years, between 66-73 CE. Empirical evidence proves Tiberius Julius Caesar's sole accession began in 14 AD, the same evidence also proves Tiberius received administrative and military authority equal to Augustus in early 12 AD. The Velleius Paterculus and Suetonius record that Tiberius was granted equal proconsular authority and joint administrative power over all provinces and armies in early 12 AD, we can assume this was between January to June, 12 AD. Furthermore, the Fasti Praenestini fragments, a public Roman calendar carved into marble blocks, honors Tiberius's triumph and his formal elevation alongside Augustus to hold the census (lustrum), which is a task legally exclusive for individuals holding supreme executive authority, this specific marble features a fragment which marks a specific date surrounding this event: October 23, 12 AD. The Fasti Ostienses are stone inscriptions that record the annual magistrates and imperial acts from the harbor city of Ostia, proving that by 13 AD, Tiberius formally acted with 'imperium proconsulare maius' (supreme proconsular power). Roman historians also records statements from Augustus to Tiberius saying "Since the consuls caused a law to be passed soon after this that he should govern the provinces jointly with Augustus and hold the census with him, he set out for Illyricum on the conclusion of the lustral ceremonies.", recorded in Suetonius (Life of Tiberius, 21) and: "Tiberius showed the same valour, and was attended by the same fortune, when he entered Germany on his later campaigns as in his first. After he had broken the force of the enemy by his expeditions on sea and land, had completed his difficult task in Gaul, and had settled by restraint rather than by punishment the dissensions that had broken out among the Viennenses, at the request of his father that he should have in all the provinces and armies a power equal to his own, the senate and Roman people so decreed. For indeed it was incongruous that the provinces which were being defended by him should not be under his jurisdiction, and that he who was foremost in bearing aid should not be considered an equal in the honour to be won. On his return to the city he celebrated the triumph over the Pannonians and Dalmatians, long since due him, but postponed by reason of a succession of wars. Who can be surprised at its magnificence, since it was the triumph of Caesar. Yet who can fail to wonder at the kindness of fortune to him?", recorded in Velleius Paterculus, Roman History, 2.121.

Evidence

Rashi

Besides Moses and Maimonides, Rashi is arguably the most popular Jewish Rabbi who was both a commentator and critical thinker of the Torah and Talmud in Judaism, he based his calculations from a faulty book called Seder Olam, which doesn't make any sense in terms of actual conventional history, he calculates the 490 years beginning from the time of the First Temple's destruction to the time of the Second Temple's destruction, but bases his calculations off some imaginary Persian calendar, which he sources from the book Seder Olam, where it states, the Persian Era lasted only 34 years, whereas conventional history says it lasted for over 200 years, conflating names like Cyrus, Darius and Artaxerxes as different titles for a few individuals. Because of his miscalculation of historical events based on the book Seder Olam, Rashi claims the First Temple's destruction was in the Jewish year 3338, which equals to around 421-423 BCE, whereas the First Temple's actual destruction was in 586 BCE. So of course if you do 490-423+1 you will land right in the middle of the Roman-Jewish war in 68CE where Second Temple sacrifice was forbidden for ~3.5 years, because of Seder Olam's calculations, Rashi states the Second Temple was destroyed during this year, academically though, it's agreed the Second Temple was destroyed in 70 CE and not 68 CE. The First Temple was destroyed in 586 BCE and not 423 BCE. Every historical source agrees that Babylon conquered Jerusalem, which was conquered by the Persians decades later, the timeline to all of these dates places the 423 BCE date to be impossible, since it's more than 100 years after the fall of Babylon and end of Jewish exile, so working back the details from all available sources, we can place the conquest of Jerusalem as mentioned in the Babylonian Chronicles to be at around 586 BCE.

Rashi's Calculation and the compatibility with conventional history

Prophecy began with the destruction of the First Temple, historically this is in 586 BCE, in between Cyrus is the anointed that restores Israel from Babylonian exile (Isaiah 45:1) historically this is in 538 BCE, and Agrippa 2 is the "anointed one" that is cut off after the 62 weeks (7*62=434 years) meaning post 152 BCE (586-434), Rashi claims the prophecy was fulfilled with the destruction of the Second Temple, historically this is in 70 CE:

586+70+1(year 0 doesn't count)=655

This calculation is off by 165 years to fit the 490 year prophecy.

*Reminder: Rashi is basing his calculations from the book Seder Olam, where it states the First Temple's destruction is in year 3338 of the Jewish Calendar, which corresponds to around 423 BCE, rather than 586 BCE as conventional history shows.

Current Jewish year is 5786 = around 2026~

Jewish calendar goes by 365.24 days a year.

5786-3338 = 2448

2026-2448= -422~

421-423 BCE is where Rashi claims the First Temple was destroyed and "the word to restore and rebuild Jerusalem" started, historically this is inaccurate.

Who issued the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem in the first 7 weeks (49 years) and in which year of history?

Who was his anointed one who was cut off after 62 weeks (434 years) and in which year of history?

Who strengthened a covenant for the princes for one week (7 years), abolishes sacrifices in the middle of the week (~3.5 years), and in which year of history did all of this happen?

Any empirical evidence to confirm the history of each claim to the surrounding events?

Were the 6 core criteria's fulfilled during a consecutive 490 year timeframe?

Do all of these answers add up to 490 years without contradicting empirical evidence contributing to academic history?

I haven't found a consistent answer by Orthodox Jews to all these questions to fit it mathematically and in accordance to academic history.

If you deny academic history and go with the Seder Olam calculations as Rashi does, you will no doubt arrive at the logical conclusion that it equals 490 years, but again, you'll have to rely on a faulty timeline claiming the falsehood of the First Temple's destruction beginning in 423 BCE, with no empirical evidence to prove the case, but rather substantial empirical evidence to disprove it.

Some Jewish rabbis acknowledged the fallacies in Seder Olam:

Rabbi Isaac Don Abarbanel (15th Century): The legendary commentator and statesman wrestled deeply with the Persian kings listed in the book of Daniel. He ultimately accepted that the Persian Empire lasted much longer than 34 years and had significantly more than four kings.

The Vilna Gaon (18th Century): While he respected Seder Olam, the Gaon made numerous textual emendations to the text where he found logical contradictions. He proved that even within traditional frameworks, the transmission of the dates was not uniform.

Rabbi Azariah dei Rossi (16th Century): In his seminal work Me'or Einayim, he was the first major rabbi to flatly reject the traditional timeline. He argued that the non-Jewish historical and astronomical records were undeniably correct. He explicitly asserted that the Jewish calendar was missing roughly 165 years.

Science and historical criticism can’t demonstrate the traditional Jewish claim, everything is subject to empirical evidence and historical criticism, the empirical evidence and historical criticism disproves the proposed criteria and alleged fulfillment of prophecy according to Rabbinic Jewish interpretation, the book of Daniel predicts these events allegedly being 200-220 years prior on top of all the empirical data we have. One cannot lay claim Malachi was the last prophet before the prophecy was sealed, without believing the 490 year prophecy in Daniel 9 to be fulfilled, yet Judaism doesn't have a valid mathematically precise answer in accordance to Daniel 9 that matches with academic history, there's no empirical evidence to disprove this claim, nor is there proof there was a decree to restore or rebuild Jerusalem issued in 425-415BC. If Orthodox Judaism excuses it with a dispensationalist view, it breaks the 490 year consecutiveness from start to finish, Orthodox Judaism would have to excuse it to be fulfilled with a second coming, yet mainstream Judaism doesn't believe in a second coming.

Rabbinic ordination or semicha wasn't codified as a statutory text or legal code during the Second Temple period, it was viewed as an unbroken tradition and authority that came from Moses and Joshua, functioning through unwritten customary practice and oral transmission until later codified in the Talmud and legal compendiums, because of this, anyone prior to and during the Second Temple period that had deep scriptural knowledge, could attract a following by functioning as a religious teacher or in other words, a Rabbi. The first compilations (Mishnah) of what make up the Talmud were written in 200 CE, whereas Paul's letters (Thessalonians) were written at around 50 CE. The word or term Rabbi was first used in the New Testament prior to any Jewish writing, at the time there were Pharisees, Sadducees, Essenes, Zealots and independent preachers like John the Baptist and Jesus, while the Talmud, being it is a descendant of the Pharisaic movement, refers exclusively to Pharisees, Sadducees and Zealots.

Historical Critical/Mainline/Liberal Christian/Modern Rabbinic Model

Starts with the destruction of the First Temple in 587 BCE by Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon with Jeremiah's word going out, the first 7 weeks is 49 years, this is where Cyrus returns Jews from Babylonian exile, we are left with 441 years' worth of unfulfilled prophecy, (note that 21 years later in 516 BCE, the Second Temple is rebuilt, making it a total of 70 years without a temple as Jeremiah 29:10 suggests, but this is not included in the calculation), the chronological error starts when the intended math from Cyrus in 538 BCE to High Priest Onias 3 in 171 BCE, should be 434 years in total, but it is only 367 years, the final week of 7 years begins in 171 BCE, during the first ~3.5 years Hellenizing factions rise and political instability is everywhere after Onias 3's murder, right up until 167 BCE where Antiochus 4 halts all animal sacrifice in the Second Temple, which ends after another ~3.5 years after the Maccabean Revolt succeeds in 164 BCE following the death of Antiochus 4 and the liberation/cleansing of the Second Temple.

If you do the math, 587-164=423, this view does not fit the 70 week or 490 year prophecy.

360-Day Prophetic Year Model, crucifixion in 33 CE theory

The 33 CE prediction date tends to be calculated where a prophetic year is considered 360 days a year, starting from ~445/444 BCE with Nehemia receiving direct orders regarding Jerusalem's construction from Artaxerxes I, according to Nehemiah 2:1-8, which occurred during King Artaxerxes I's 20th regnal year of reign. Adding 483 years from 444 BCE, when taking into consideration the 360 days a year theory, lands at roughly 33 CE, contradicting the final 7 years of the 490 year prophecy in Daniel 9, which is specifically spoken of and mentioned in Daniel 9:27, where it alludes to Jesus's crucifixion being around the middle (~3.5) of the 7 years, since 483 years from 444-445 BCE adds up to 32-33 CE with a 360 days a year calculation, the remainder of the 7 years are to be fulfilled at around 39-40 CE. Those who assume the 33 CE date, have to ignore the overwhelming evidence of King Herod dying in 4 BCE and Daniel 9:2, which references Jeremiah 29:10 and the evidence that proves this occurred in a period of 70 years between 586-516 BCE, as Jeremiah 29:10 predicts, when calculating the 70 year prophecy regarding Jerusalem's desolation, taking into consideration the 360 days a year theory, it adds up to 517 BCE, (70x360=25200, 25200/365.24=69 solar years, equal to 70, 360-day years) which contradicts both empirical evidence and the biblical verses regarding Darius the Great's completion of the Second Temple's construction during his 6th year of reign, 517 BCE lands during his 5th year of reign, Darius the Great's reign began in 522 BCE proven by the Cyrus Cylinder, Ptolemy's Cannon, the Limmu List and the Behistun Inscription. A 360-day prophetic year is calculated when not taking into consideration the full calculation of the floods timeline mentioned in Genesis, for instance, it took the earth about 10 inclusive days to dry after the ark "came to rest", according to Genesis 8:4 and Genesis 8:14. Furthermore, Luke 3:21 suggests Jesus was baptized at around the age of ~30 and a few passages in John suggest Jesus's crucifixion occurred about 3 Passovers later, at around the age of ~33, which falls out of sync with the overwhelming evidence for King Herod's death being at around ~March 4 BCE during a lunar eclipse, since that would mean Jesus was born after Herod died, contradicting Matthew 2:1-23. Those advocating over the ~33 CE crucifixion date, tend to also reference Joel 2:31, where the text imaginatively suggests a lunar eclipse occurred during the eve of Passover on April 3, 33 CE, however, there is no solid standing for this arguement being the case and most biblical scholars agree the verse itself is a prophetic idiom. Moreover, The Dionysius Exiguus monk, who invented the Anno Domini (AD) calendar system is also notoriously known to having miscalculated the birth of Jesus by about 4-7 years. Even when calculating the 33 CE date from King Artaxerxes I's decree during his 7th regnal year of reign in 457 BCE, it still overlaps the 490 year prophecy and doesn't make sense to the final 7 years, since Jesus's crucifxiion would land at the end of the final 7 years and not the middle, where it is argued to be the case to when Jesus puts an end to sin and sacrifice post-crucifixion. The 33 CE date ultimately falls short and doesn't match the 490 year prophecy in Daniel 9 prophetically, evidently or mathematically.

458/457 Historicist Eschatological Model, crucifixion in 30 CE theory

Starts with Ezra 7:7-28 in 458/457 BCE with King Artaxerxes I's decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, we know this is historically true, so we can presume Jesus's baptism is historically in 27 CE, 69 weeks = 483 prophetic days or 483 solar years, so if you do the math -457+483+1, (the +1 is because there is no year zero) it lands precisely in 27 CE, after which Jesus starts his ~3.5 year ministry, so if you do the math 483+~3.5=486.5 years fulfilled and 27+~3.5, it lands on 30.5 BCE, this is when Jesus is crucified and brings an end to "all sacrifice". However, if you take into consideration passages from the book of John which say Jesus was crucified on a Friday, on the Eve of Passover and other pieces of evidence, like the Talmud and when comparing it to the astronomical data from NASA and other sources, it shows us to be the case, from this, we understand that the date of crucifixion is April 7, 30 CE, if we go back 486.5 years more, it lands at around early 458 BCE, backtracking another 7 years to the beginning of Artaxerxes I's reign lands at around late ~465-464 BCE, which is arguably the rough estimate to when exactly King Artaxerxes I began his rule after his father Xerxes I was murdered. From April 7, 30 CE we can also understand that the remainder of the 3.1-~3.5 years land on roughly October 7, 33 CE or early 34 CE and that Jesus began his ministry at roughly early 27 CE. The remainder ~3.5 years is when the Gospel is spread by the Apostles to the Gentiles, amounting to 490 solar years, finishing around the Stoning of Saint Stephen at presumably about 33/34 CE, also read true by Acts 7:59. Furthermore, when Jesus was crucified in 30 CE, he brought an end to "spiritual sacrifice" and the remaining ~3.5 years can entail a ~3.5 year forbiddance of animal sacrifice during the Roman-Jewish war, which began at around 66 CE leading to the destruction of the Second Temple at around 70 CE. The timeframe from the crucifixion of Jesus in 30.5 CE to the Second Temple's destruction in 70 CE is approximately 40 years, in between there was a ~3.5 year forbiddance of animal sacrifice, so this might actually be the remainder of the ~3.5 years to the 490 solar year prophecy, however if this is the case it breaks the consecutive chain, making the 490 year prophecy off by 40 years, which sums up to a consecutive time of 530 years, to reconcile with this, Daniel 12:11–12 mentions a period of 1,290 days (approximately ~3.5 years), which provides the most logical timeline for the ~3.5 years of abominations set up in the Second Temple during the First Jewish-Roman War (66–70 CE). It is reasonable to view this prophecy as having a dual or manifold fulfillment involving both Antiochus IV and Titus, as both leaders oversaw ~3.5-year periods of Temple desecration. Historically, this aligns perfectly with the abominations set up by Antiochus IV between 167–164 BCE, as well as the events of the Roman-Jewish war (66–73 CE) leading up to the Temple's destruction in 70 CE. Furthermore, after Jesus was crucified in the middle of the final week, after ~3.5 years, the Jewish governing council's decision to condemn and stone Saint Stephen in ~34 CE confirmed their spiritually desolate status, (mentioned in Daniel 9:27) sealing the abomination they upheld.

Dispensationalist/Futurist Model

It is very similar to the 458/457 model, except they interpret the remainder of the ~3.5 years (half of the 70th week) to be fulfilled later by the antichrist, which leaves a huge gap. Moreover, if you believe this view as a Christian, you will have to reconcile multiple of other inconsistencies mentioned in the book of Revelation regarding the 7 year tribulation period, which would break the math or overlap it, this view isn't consistent with the consecutive timeframe and is arguably contradictive.

Conclusion

The 458/457 Model fits the most with the consecutive fulfillment of the 70 weeks or 490 year prophecy mentioned in Daniel 9, aligning with academic history. The historicist eschatological model doesn't go against mainstream Christian doctrine, it sides with biblical and secular academic history, the 490 year prophecy was stated by Daniel in 539 BC, around 82 years before the countdown began, even if the book of Daniel was authored during the Maccabean Revolt in 164-167 BC, the prophecy began centuries prior to the decree of King Artaxerxes I to restore and rebuild Jerusalem in ~458 BC, during his 7th year of rule, as mentioned in Ezra 7:7, which began in ~465-464 BC, empirically proven by the Babylonian Tablets and Elephantine Papyri, precisely fitting from the beginning in ~458 BC, completing with the abomination being those who rejected Jesus, like the Jewish governing council led by Caiaphus, around the stoning of Saint Stephen in ~34 AD, who is considered to be the first Christian martyr, finishing within a 490 year timeframe, during Pilates reign between 26-36 AD, empirically proven by the Pilate Stone. According to Daniel 9:1-2 and the empirical evidence we have, we know that Daniel was calculating a real literal timeframe for the prophecy, not only symbolically, because he mentions the 70 years of Jerusalem desolation, which is academically and empirically proven to have occurred between 586-516 BC, Daniel verbatimly mentions that he studied Jeremiah's calculations, prophecies and visions in these verses. The 490 year prophecy is the ultimate bridge of proof to the fulfillment of Jesus being His anointed that was cut off, which is mentioned in Daniel 9:26. Furthermore, there's a prophetic pause or gap of 40 years between Jesus's crucifixion and the destruction of the Second Temple, between 30-70 AD, in biblical terms, 40 years equate to a generation, which is prophesied in Matthew 24:34 and the DSS Damascus Document fragment, empirically proven to be written at around 100 BC, it reads between a "Righteous Teacher/Teacher of the community until the end of all the men of war who deserted to the Liar", resembling Matthew 24:34, moreover, the Rabbis who reject Jesus and wrote the Talmud, proclaim that 40 years prior to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 AD, during the year Jesus was crucified in 30 AD, on the eve of Passover, which always falls in either March or April, that during Yom Kippur, which always falls in either September or October, the ritual involving a strip of crimson wool (a red thread), which was tied to the horns of a scapegoat, has stopped turning white as it previously miraculously did and the ritual involving the 2 rouletted marked tokens saying "for God" and "for Azazel", where the "for God" token has always landed in the right hand of the High Priest before, has stopped landing in the High Priest's right hand, the tractate also mentions that 2 other miracles which aren't exclusive to Yom Kippur have stopped happening during the year of Jesus's crucifixion (although it's mentioned in a tractate dedicated to Yom Kippur), this is all mentioned in the Babylonian Talmud, tractate Yoma 39B:5. Prior to the Second Temple's destruction on August ~30, 70 AD, there was a ~3.5 year period between 66-70 AD, where animal sacrifice was forbidden, this was fulfilled according to Daniel 12:11-12, during the 40 year generational prophecy between 30-70 AD. Furthermore, there are numerous of other DSS fragments from the same time period at around 100 BC, that were written by the same Jewish community of Qumran, about a century before Jesus's incarnation, which all prophecy about the Teacher of the community/Righteous Teacher/Messiah being the Son of God, a healer, that revives the dead and will be pierced by a high priest, matching the profile of Caiaphas. To meticulously predict a 490 year prophetic timeline centuries prior to its fulfillment, without contradicting scripture, math or history, is remarkably unlikely to mean anything but proof of Christ's divinity.

Daniel 12:11–12 mentions a period of 1,290 days (approximately ~3.5 years), which provides the most logical timeline for the ~3.5 years of abominations set up in the Second Temple during the First Jewish-Roman War (66–70 AD). It is reasonable to view this prophecy as having a dual or manifold fulfillment involving both Antiochus IV and Titus, as both leaders oversaw ~3.5-year periods of Temple desecration. Historically, this aligns perfectly with the abominations set up by Antiochus IV between 167–164 BC, as well as the events of the Roman-Jewish war (66–73 AD) leading up to the Temple's destruction on August ~30, 70 AD. Furthermore, after Jesus was crucified in the middle of the final week, after ~3.5 years, the Jewish governing council's decision to condemn and stone Saint Stephen in ~34 AD confirmed their spiritually desolate status, (mentioned in Daniel 9:27) sealing the abomination they upheld.

John the Baptist began his ministry on the 15th year of Tiberius's reign (Luke 3:1), at around ~27 AD. We have evidence to prove Tiberius received full equal authority to Augustus in early 12 AD, presumably between early January to June, 12 AD, receiving formal recognition on October 23, 12 AD, based on the Fasti Praenestini, a specific marble, which has a fragment that marks this specific date surrounding the event, furthermore, the Velleius Paterculus and Suetonius record that Tiberius was granted equal proconsular authority and joint administrative power over all provinces and armies in early 12 AD, we can assume this was between January to June, 12 AD.

Reference Material

To make it easier to understand, here's some of the material I mentioned in the "key points" section: